Pengertian Adverb, Jenis, Posisi, Bentuk, Fungsi, Contoh Kalimat

Pengertian Adverb, Jenis, Posisi, Bentuk, Fungsi, Contoh Kalimat

Pengertian Adverb, Jenis, Posisi, Bentuk, Fungsi, Contoh Kalimat
Artikel ini sengaja saya buat untuk membantu para pembaca agar lebih memahami tentang Adverbia secara detail dan lengkap, baik dari segi pengertian, jenis, bentuk, fungsi, contoh dan lain-lain. Dengan berbagai sumber yang tersedia, yang saya kumpulkan adalah penjelasan yang lengkap dan kaya informasi.

Pada artikel kali ini kita akan membahas tentang:
A. Pengertian Adverb
B. Jenis dan Posisi Adverb

1. Adverb of Time
2. Adverb of Frequency
3. Adverb of Place
4. Adverb of Manner
5. Adverbs of Degree or Adverbs of Quantity
6. Adverb of Affirmative dan Adverbs of Reason

C. Bentuk dan Fungsi Adverb
D. Bentuk Comparative dan Superlative Adverb
E. Constructions with Comparison

A. Pengertian
Kata keterangan adalah kata yang mengubah arti dari kata kerja, kata sifat, atau kata keterangan lainnya. Bacalah kalimat di bawah ini

1. Ribara walks fastly with his sister in this afternoon
2. That is a very good thing that I buy it in the store
3. Gatarina speaks quite slowly about the storybook

Keterangan
Dalam kalimat pertama, dengan cepat, menunjukkan (Bagaimana), bagaimana atau bagaimana. Ribara walks, maksudnya, kata bentuk dengan cepat memodifikasi bentuk kata kerja dari walks.

Pada kalimat kedua bentuk kata sangat menunjukkan seberapa banyak, tingkatan, derajat, dalam bentuk kata baik, artinya kata tersebut sangat memodifikasi bentuk kata sifat dari barang.

Pada kalimat ketiga, kata form cukup menunjukkan, seberapa jauh keberadaan, kepanjangan, atau apa yang meluas, dalam kalimat Gatarina berbicara cukup lambat. Jadi bentuk kata tersebut cukup lama memodifikasi kata keterangan, sehingga bentuk kata fastly, very, and pretty disebut juga istilah Adverb.

Berikut ini kita akan melihat kalimat keterangan yang mengubah frase/frase.

1. They were moving close behind me
2. I see the moon left under the earth
3. Did they buy all through that comic and magazine
4. They have received their debt down to the early farthing

Pada kalimat berikut, Adverb juga bisa berdiri sendiri atau ditempatkan di awal kalimat yang terkadang Adverb juga bisa memodifikasi keseluruhan kalimat, daripada kata-kata tertentu lainnya. Sebagai contoh:

1. Probably they are helped by their families
2. Possibly these things are as they talk, maybe they are false
3. Evidently the people in that meeting are true
4. Unfortunately everybody has existed here
5. Luckily they have fallen without injured

B. Jenis dan Posisi
Merupakan jenis kata keterangan yang menunjukkan bentuk kapan. Seperti contoh berikut: Namun, dalam artikel ini, kita akan membahas beberapa jenis kata keterangan:

Adverb of Time
Merupakan jenis kata keterangan yang menunjukkan bentuk kapan. Seperti contoh berikut:

1. He has given this statement before
2. Tonight they will come late because there are some problems
3. I will now start to build this tower
4. You talked in this meeting room some hours ago
5. They early soon arrived. They arrived there daily
6. She made some experiments in the laboratory yesterday
7. She has told them about you already
8. I have never eaten durian with sauce
9. We have tried to solve this question since this morning
10. My family formerly stayed there with the other neighbor

Contoh Lain:

1. Eventually we go to there
2. We go to there eventually
3. Then They come to my village
4. They come to my village then
5. They plant these sunflower today
6. I will wait you for this meeting tomorrow
7. Afterwards, He gets what he want
8. They reach what they want lately
9. I am dancing with my wife on the stage now
10. You moved from your town recently
11. We have breakfast at once
12. We have done this project since this afternoon
13. She washes all the drawers till her father comes

Kata keterangan waktu ditempatkan di akhir kalusa, Contoh:

• She comes late
• you will find immediately
• He knows before
• We wake up early

Since / Ever Since placed in final position
Contoh kalimat:

• You have been on the high tower since this flood

Yet dan Still
Yet = Setelah kata kerja + Object
Contoh kalimat:

• I have not done my English task yet

Still = Setelah Tobe dan sebelum kata kerja
Contoh kalimat:

1. They are still on the large land
2. They still do not know about their mistakes

Just
Contoh kalimat:

• They just come back from their long journey

Adverbs of Frequency
Merupakan bentuk Adverb yang menyatakan seberapa sering (seberapa sering)

1. She has talked to him three times for a half-hour
2. We often helped the poor people in this area
3. They have received a lot of money from the bank again
4. She always teaches many students politely
5. They frequently give a good statement to all persons
6. She has forgiven me twice
7. We seldom have breakfast with juice and fruits

Beberapa bentuk kata keterangan frekuensi antara lain: jarang, selalu, pernah, terus menerus, jarang, sering, jarang, sesekali, tidak pernah, sering, hampir tidak pernah, sekali, pernah, dua kali, biasanya, berkala, terkadang, berulang-ulang.

Secara umum posisinya ada setelah kata kerja BE, seperti contoh:

• We are always in time to go to school every time

Sebelum Simple tenses pada semua verba yang ada. Contoh kalimat:

• I sometimes wake up late every Sunday

Ketika dalam kalimat Compound Tense, tipe kata keterangan ini ditempatkan setelah kata kerja bantu pertama, atau dengan kata kerja interogatif, setelah auxiliary + subject. Contoh kalimat:

1. We can never know him
2. She has often been told not to speak about that again
3. Has she ever written words until ten thousand words?

Pengecualian:
Untuk fungsi used to and have to, adverbnya didepan, contoh:

1. They hardly ever have to forget us; We often memorize.
2. I hardly ever used to forget her; she often memorizes.

Kata keterangan frekuensi sering ditempatkan sebelum kata kerja bantu saat berdiri sendiri, di samping tanda dan dalam menjawab pertanyaan.
Contoh kalimat:

1. Can they put the pencils in the pencil case?. Yes, They usually can
2. Mother asked me to do the homework until finishing but I never do what she said

Dan ketika dalam kata kerja majemuk, kata kerja bantu akan ditekankan, contoh:

1. They never 'can memorize
2. We hardly ever 'have seen the people there

For emphasis, we can Do

• We always 'do come to school in time

Khusus untuk bentuk Always, sangat jarang digunakan di depan kalimat atau klausa kecuali dengan perintah (imperatif). Sedangkan Bentuk Kata Seringkali jika diletakkan di akhir kalimat umumnya menggunakan bentuk kata Very or Quite, seperti contoh:
Often We ran

1. We spoke quite often
2. They swam very often

Adapun adverb form groups like never, Almost ever, rare dan sebagainya dapat juga ditempatkan di awal kalimat, seperti contoh:

• Hardly ever did we arrange to create the formulation

Untuk kata keterangan Never, bisa digunakan untuk kata kerja afirmatif, bukan untuk kalimat negatif. Tidak pernah biasanya didefinisikan sebagai Tidak Ada Waktu
Contoh:

1. I never looked him from here
2. Wrong if we writ
3. I do not never looked him from here (wrong sentence)
4. We never eat vegetables (means habit)
5. Have you never had the best friend in your life?
6. They had never painted one thousand pictures in their life

Never + Affirmative
Contoh kalimat:
My parents always make us breakfast but we never eat it

Never + Interrogative

• Have you never been to Lake Toba?. You must be kidding. I know you. You come from Medan.

Ever + Interrogative

• Had you ever danced with your wife on the stage?

Never + Affirmative = Ever + Negative
Contoh Kalimat:

1. They have never finished the job from their manager in office
2. They have not even finished the job from their manager in office

Ever + Affirmative (bisa saja, namun tidak umum)
Contoh kalimat:

• He does not order they ever climb to the high mountain

Kata keterangan dari Frase, Cara, Tempat dan waktu, muncul pada waktu yang sama

1. They jump awkwardly out of the hole
2. We have to work happily anywhere everywhere

Sedangkan untuk bentuk kata back, down, away, up, round, out, on, in, off, home, dan forward biasanya menggunakan kata keterangan cara. Sebagai contoh:
She ran away bravely

• He made the blue cherry cake with spirit, quickly and confidently without look back again.

Adverbs of place
Jenis kata keterangan ini menunjukkan where (where atau place). Contoh kalimat
After you borrow my radio tape, put it here
We look you everywhere in this place, are you an extraordinary human?

1. Mother says to me, wake up now, you can come late
2. Are you within in this meeting groups?
3. They must go away from this place
4. We have to go there after them
5. His sister goes out from this company
6. I will run backward to accompany him

Umumnya kata keterangan jenis ini diletakkan di bagian akhir kata kerja, seperti contoh kalimat:

1. He goes away
2. We live abroad
3. They are upstairs

Namun jenis adverb ini dapat dibuat dengan rumus sebagai berikut: verb + adverb, atau dengan rumus: verb + preposition + object, seperti contoh kalimat:

1. I send them away
2. You saw them everywhere

Sedangkan Adverb Phrases dibentuk melalui Preposisi + Noun / Pronoun / adverb
Contoh kalimat:

1. She sits on a tree
2. She lives beside us
3. She stands on the large floor

Di suatu tempat dan di mana pun memiliki aturan dasar yang sama dengan bentuk some dan any
Contoh kalimat:

1. She has known this woman somewhere
2. Do they help my brother anywhere?
3. Nowhere = to get nowhere

Orang yang bingung tidak akan mendapatkan petunjuk di mana pun, Di sini, di sana, bisa diikuti dengan bentuk menjadi, datang dan pergi ditambah kata benda perihal
Contoh kalimat:

1. Here are they
2. There are old people
3. Here come the carts
4. There go their carts

Namun, jika bentuk ada diikuti bentuk seseorang dan sesuatu, maka harus diikuti oleh kata kerja
Contoh kalimat:

1. There is someone that can advise them
2. There is something that make you happy

Adverbs of Manner
Merupakan jenis Adverb yang menyatakan dan menunjukkan suatu cara atau disebut juga Manner. Contoh kalimat:

1. I speak Java language fluently with my neighbor
2. You tell the truth to her clearly
3. They have finished the plannings well
4. My parents work hard for me every time
5. My brother and sister keep me bravely
6. Do you sleep every night in the bedroom soundly?
7. Were they agreebly this agreement without disappointed?
8. You must do this important job slowly
9. She remember her girlfriend sadly in there
10. You are not kind person. Is that so?
11. This only, shall we become a success men?
12. She saw seriously at you

Kata keterangan cara berada setelah kata kerja, seperti kalimat:

• You sang beautifully last time

Itu juga bisa ditempatkan setelah Object, seperti ini:

• I can talk about English well

Keterangan cara juga memiliki rumus sebagai berikut:
Verb + Preposition + Object + Adverbs of manner
Contoh kalimat

• She saw at me seriously

Bisa juga diletakkan di depan kata kerja, contoh kalimat:

• They carefully selected all member for manager position in this Office

Keterangan cara yang berkaitan dengan karakter dan kecerdasan seseorang

1. You generously forget about the visa
2. She Kindly visited us
3. He has failed but he did not do this thing stupidly
4. They are wrong about that but they do not do it foolishly

Badly and well bisa digunakan untuk kata keterangan cara atau keterangan derajat, seperti contoh kalimat:

1. She become badly
2. She talk to him badly
3. They were badly talked
4. She says well
5. We spoke Spanish well
6. That music concert is well arranged

Bentuk kata beserta keterangan cara dan keterangan derajat memiliki aturan kedudukan yang sama, seperti contoh kalimat:

1. They would like the seafood well
2. We knew that city well
3. Bring the boxes of glasses well and carefully
4. The kids are well playing in the park

Somehow and Anyhow, dapat ditempatkan di depan kalimat, dan di akhir kalimat
Contoh kalimat

1. Somehow We arrange
2. We connect the clue somehow
3. We knew somehow

Adverbs of Degree or Adverbs of Quantity
Adverbs of Degree atau Adverbs of Quantity Merupakan keterangan yang menunjukkan seberapa banyak, berapa derajat, (sejauh mana). Contoh kalimat:

1. They were very careless about this problem
2. That rambutan is almost sweet and good
3. You and I fully ready in this competition
4. The ocean is too dangerous for the beginner of fisherman
5. We are tall enough to reach the fruits on the tree
6. You are so nervous when you enter to the class for the first time
7. He and she are altogether wrong
8. The bronze is no better the gold
9. You play the violin pretty truly
10. Are there any people in this place?
11. She is quite false about this
12. You are rather tired to do this job
13. I am partly true with my statement
14. They are as smart as their teacher

Adverb of Affirmative dan Adverbs of Reason
Disebut juga adverb yang menyatakan tentang (berita) dan (Negasi) atau penegasan dalam sebuah kalimat. Contoh kalimat:

1. We certainly finished the task
2. She does not wear the blue shirt in this party
3. Surely he is untrue

Kata keterangan yang menyatakan Alasan dalam sebuah kalimat
Contoh kalimat:

1. They are hence able to refuse the seller in this room
2. We, therefore, to enter the college this year to get the more knowledge

Note:
Di antara Adverbia di atas, bisa saja ada yang memiliki makna lebih dari satu kata keterangan (kelas), seperti: contoh kalimat.

1. They are dance on the stage in front of the audiences delightfully
2. The wind on the top of mountain is delightfully good
3. This is so far away
4. We are far be smart and intelligent from now

C. Bentuk and Fungsi
Mengenai Adverb, ada beberapa cara untuk membentuknya, diantaranya sebagai berikut:
1. Adverbs dapat dibentuk melalui Adjectives
contoh kalimat:

1. They speak in a loud sound (adjective)
2. She talks to me loudly in order to I can hear (adverb)
3. The runner can be a fast person in this competition (adjective)
4. She can make it fast without pause or stop (adverbs)
5. I Stand in the next park (adjective)
6. While you next see her, they will talk to her (adverb)
7. We go to the back yard in the afternoon with our families (adjective)
8. Flashback to the once upon a time (adverb)
9. I am the little young boy in my house now (adjective)
10. I am little-seen inside Tembung Village and Mulino Rejo area (adverb)
11. You are the best chef in this five-star hotel now (adjective)
12. They remember best (adverb)
13. Cheetah is a quick animal in the jungle (adjective)
14. You must run quickly if you may not be late (adverb)
15. He is an Early builder (adjective)
16. She wakes up Early in this Sunday (adverb)
17. A director is a person that has a high position in this Office now (adjective)
18. Be ready high and smart too (adverb)
19. We are the only people that can make it changed (adjective)
20. They could only paint and draw the Picture (adverb)
21. She has rice enough for her people in this village (adjective)
22. They composed the song yesterday well enough (adverb)
23. We must do the jobs better and better (adjective)
24. They made the cake better than to the other people (adverb)
25. We have much sugar in the cupboards (adjective)
26. I hope the condition of my mother can be much better (adverb)

2. Beberapa Adverbia bisa dibentuk dengan penambahan "LY" di akhir kata.
Contoh:

• quick = Quickly
• Sharp = sharply
• fast = fastly
• soft = softly
• slow = slowly

happy = happy (huruf Y di akhir kata diganti dengan huruf I kemudian ditambah dengan suffix LY)

extreme = sangat (meskipun kata diakhiri dengan E, ia masih menambahkan LY di akhir kata). Kecuali untuk kata-kata berikut: true = benar-benar (huruf E di akhir kata dihilangkan dan kemudian ditambahkan sufiks LY), due = duly (huruf terakhir E dihilangkan dan akhir LY ditambahkan), whole = seluruhnya (huruf terakhir E dihilangkan lalu ditambahkan huruf L dan juga sufiks LY).

Khusus untuk Adjektiva yang diakhiri dengan ABLE dan IBLE, cara membentuk kata menjadi Adverb adalah dengan menghilangkan sufiks E kemudian menambahkannya dengan sufiks LY seperti pada contoh berikut (mampu = capably, sensible = sensibly).

Buat Adjektiva yang diakhiri huruf L, jika ingin dijadikan bentuk Adverb, maka cara membentuknya adalah: dengan menambahkan akhiran huruf L dan LY. Seperti contoh berikut (final = akhirnya. Indah = indah).

Kecuali kata sifat bagus, bentuk kata keterangannya bagu

Adapun kata form dari Friendly kemungkinan besar lonely tidak dapat dibentuk menjadi Adverb karena kata form hanya digunakan sebagai Adjektiva dan tidak memiliki bentuk Adverb.

Khususnya bentuk Adverb yang diambil dari bentuk Adjektiva seperti cold = coldly, cool = cooly, hot = hotly, warm = warmly (lebih sempit dari arti yang sesuai) dan digunakan untuk menunjukkan perasaan:
Contoh kalimat:

1. I know her coldly
2. You debate with them hotly
3. We receive him warmly
4. I manage the persons cooly

Bentuk Adverb dan Adjektiva yang tidak berbeda tetapi memiliki arti dan kegunaan yang berbeda dalam kalimat tersebut. contoh kalimat:

1. You must come back again to this town (adverb)
2. I will enter from the back place (adjective)
3. I could go to the Gang bakti direct
4. There are so many direct ways for you in this city
5. I see the plane can fly fast
6. This is the fast plane that I have ever seen
7. I study hard every time with my partner
8. That is the hard wood that You have ever bought
9. There is the ill-made way
10. They feel ill today

You can go to that building with this way: turn right to the road and then go staright to that building and that's the place

1. I want to get the right question and answer from my teacher
2. You must go straight house to meet your son
3. This is the straight way
4. You lead me wrong
5. You give me the wrong rules

D. Bentuk Comparative dan Superlative
Bentuk ini ada 3 macam, dari derajat positif, komparatif sampai superlatif. Di bawah ini akan diberikan beberapa contoh formulir tersebut, di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:

Early = earlier = earliest
hard = harder = hardest
fortunately = more fortunately = most fortunately
quickly = more Quickly = most Quickly
far = further = furthest
much = more = most
far = farther = farthest
well = better = best
badly = worse = worst
little = less = least

E. Constructions with Comparisons
Ketika bentuk kata kerja dengan bentuk yang sama diminta di kedua klausa, umumnya digunakan kata kerja bantu untuk kata kerja yang keduanya. misalnya dalam bentuk positif, bentuk rumus as ... as digunakan dengan verba news atau yang disebut verba afirmatif dan as / so ... as dengan verba yang ada dalam bentuk negatif. Contoh kalimat:

• You walked as fastly as your brother did
• They did not paint as/so Quickly as he made

Bentuk komparatif yang menggunakan Than.
Contoh kalimat:

• You painted more quickly than they make
• You painted more quickly than them

The + Comparative .... The + Comparative
Contoh kalimat:

• The earlier I study the better I understand

Superlative + of
Contoh kalimat:

• She goes (the) furthest of the adventures

The + of all
Contoh kalimat:

• We like running best of all

Sources:
1. A.J Thomson and A.V Martinet. 1986. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford University Press. Walton Street Oxford. Halaman 47 - 63.
2. P.C Wren, H. Martin and Revised by N.V.D Prasada RAO. 1990. High School English Grammar. Latest Edition. Halaman 118 - 128.