Vocabulary Learning Materials (English Only): Complete Guide

 # Vocabulary Learning Materials (English Only)

## 1. Definition of Vocabulary

* Vocabulary: the collection of words known and used in a language

---

## 2. Types of Vocabulary

### Active Vocabulary

* Words used in speaking and writing

* Examples: speak, write, explain, answer

### Passive Vocabulary

* Words recognized in reading and listening

* Examples: complex, significant, reliable

---

## 3. Vocabulary by Function

### Daily Vocabulary

* eat, drink, go, come, sleep, work

### Academic Vocabulary

* analyze, define, compare, conclude, theory

### Professional Vocabulary

* Business: profit, budget, contract

* Technology: software, system, data

* Education: curriculum, assessment, method

---

## 4. Parts of Speech

### Nouns

* person, place, thing, idea

* Examples: teacher, city, book, freedom

### Verbs

* action or state

* Examples: run, think, become, feel

### Adjectives

* describe nouns

* Examples: big, small, important, easy

### Adverbs

* describe verbs, adjectives, adverbs

* Examples: quickly, very, well, slowly

### Pronouns

* replace nouns

* Examples: I, you, they, this, those

### Prepositions

* show relationship

* Examples: in, on, at, under, between

### Conjunctions

* connect words or sentences

* Examples: and, but, because, although

### Interjections

* express emotion

* Examples: wow, oh, hey, oops

---

## 5. Word Formation

### Prefixes

* un-, re-, pre-, dis-, mis-

* Examples: unhappy, rewrite, preview

### Suffixes

* -ness, -ment, -tion, -er, -ly

* Examples: happiness, development, teacher

### Root Words

* act → action, active, activity

* help → helpful, helpless

---

## 6. Synonyms and Antonyms

### Synonyms

* big – large

* fast – quick

* begin – start

### Antonyms

* hot – cold

* happy – sad

* easy – difficult

---

## 7. Collocations

* make a decision

* take a break

* do homework

* strong coffee

---

## 8. Phrasal Verbs

* look after = take care of

* give up = stop trying

* turn on = activate

* find out = discover

---

## 9. Idioms

* break the ice

* once in a blue moon

* piece of cake

* under the weather

---

## 10. Homonyms and Similar Words

### Homonyms

* bank (river / money)

### Homophones

* their / there / they’re

* see / sea

### Homographs

* lead (metal) / lead (guide)

---

## 11. Word Usage

* formal vs informal words

* spoken vs written vocabulary

---

## 12. Vocabulary Learning Techniques

* learning words in context

* repetition and review

* using example sentences

* daily practice

---

## 13. Common Vocabulary Errors

* wrong word choice

* wrong word form

* overusing difficult words

---

## 14. Vocabulary Expansion Areas

* emotions vocabulary

* family vocabulary

* education vocabulary

* work and business vocabulary

* technology vocabulary

* daily activities vocabulary

---

## 15. Vocabulary Levels

* Basic vocabulary

* Intermediate vocabulary

* Advanced vocabulary

---

(End of Vocabulary Materials)